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蔡浩英Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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刘泓欣要命的证 遥远的路途 妖娆的颜色 耀眼的美景 欧美混搭环游“半球”66天 【圆梦南美情迷巴西】【欧洲走马观花游八国】【捎带脚儿的美国US1公路】7万7千块钱可以做什么？一辆经济型轿车？两克拉的钻石？三平米的房子？还是四季的新衣？五个大牌背包？六晚大溪地双人游……我们用它换来环游欧美“半球”旅行。66天能做什么？减10斤肉？做20个选？写40篇稿子？看80集电视剧……我们用它圆了去南美的梦想，开上最美的跨海公路，走上想了N年的查理大桥。这一路，我们在巴西的大巴上晃荡过、在美国的公路上飞奔过，也在欧洲的土地上暴走过；这一路，我们在葡萄牙14欧一晚的小旅馆睡过、也在里约千元的四星酒店住过，在免费的大沼泽公园里睡过、也在潘塔纳尔五千块的湿地里住过，在各种机场车站麦当劳睡过、也在个别超大面积豪华双人间住过，在阿根廷不知名的宪兵营里睡过（这是一段不堪的经历），也在瑞士十几人的dorm住过；这一路，我们在巴西吃公斤饭、在美国吃炸鸡、在德国吃香肠、在捷克喝啤酒、在葡萄牙吃蛋挞，也在各种hostel的小厨房里自己动手，丰衣足食；这一路，我们穿了裤衩背心儿比基尼，也穿了秋裤皮衣羽绒服；这一路，我们仰望了基督像、也在查理大桥走九遍，开了美国US1、也到了上次遗留的基韦斯特，看了最美波恩樱花道、也见识了世界上最清澈的国王湖。这一路，从北半球到南半球又回北半球；从欧洲到美洲又回欧洲；从冬末到炎夏又回类冬天……这一路，有太多需要纪念。选在今天开始写此行游记，因为今天刚好回来一整月。从2月24日出发到4月30日回家，66天经历太多。算不上精彩，但足够回味，看着带回的一摞摞门票、地图、车票……有的甚至忘了是哪里，这一路的经历与故事，想要印在心里，还要慢慢来。从4月30日中午踏进家门到5月30日提笔，这一个月的时间，我努力将66天的浅层记忆变成深度回忆，无论好与坏，都铭记终生。这样的66天，这辈子，也许，都不会再有了。 九图大封面： 照例上个手绘路线图，不过我发现自己绘画能力太次，这次实在用一张图表达半个世界，只能再配上google了。欧美混搭环游“半球”66天手绘路线路： 巴西线路google地图版、文字版：照例先做封面，不过这次很遗憾，有生之年最伟大的旅行，相机却发生致命的遭遇——第一天镜头就碎了。之后的40多天里，一直用伸缩、对焦都不正常的破镜头对付着，直到旅行后三分之一程才买了新的。那也只是由原来坏掉的尼康套头18-105换成SIGMA18-250，经费有限，只好把更多美好瞬间放在心底。封面照之【美洲】巴西·里约 基督山上的仰望巴西·里约 面包山上的日落巴西·里约 伊帕内玛海滩来了就再也舍不得离开巴西·潘塔纳尔湿地safari找动物、喂蚊子([
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黄佳昀金秋十月，有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假，对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假，金秋季节，不出去吧，觉得错失好季节，出去吧，又担心车满人满，到哪里都是人挤人，人挨人，这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事，最后决定走一条冷门线路，来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行，哇，好线路，二话不说，咱报名，于是乎，就“成就”了这趟旅行线路：徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日 徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8：00，一行32人包了一辆大客出发了，一车的欢声笑语，一夜的辛苦旅途，于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县 清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下，离北京120多公里。周界约100公里，面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地，陵内共有14座陵墓，包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵，以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。我们第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓，也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉，爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王，其母叶赫那拉氏，是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后，由慈禧太后做主，指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年，陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大，没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑，但它除继承清代建陵规制，参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外，又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华，仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要，建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。 皇家的陵寝就是不一样，入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。 步入牌楼门 看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”，真有天安门金水桥的范儿。 隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻，质地坚硬无比，用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅，重量竟高达百余斤，所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”，且梁架之间增加了隔架料，既能托顶，又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱，底部有海水江涯图案，柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上，较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。 尽管非常之奢华，皇家，最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。 后面的这座院落，便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时，正值清朝面临内忧外患，营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工，一直拖延到1908年，光绪皇帝驾崩，1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间，清朝已走向灭亡，宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位，于是向中华民国政府提出要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修，其奉安典礼，仍如旧制，所有实用经费，均由中华民国支出。”当时，南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督，对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是我们走的，我们自然是走边门进入。 光绪驾崩时，陵还未建，他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月，光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放，一路起落，共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车，但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道，随后是皇帝和王公大臣，后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等，最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门，仅十里远，就撤掉纸钱1000斤，用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里，抬杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿，耗银29000两，经过四天三夜，才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫，安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里，杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，经过四天三夜，轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的，但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄，突然从上面跑下来一个孩子，我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张，为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的，同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。 大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。 据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际，清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前，演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位，他在崇陵的修建过程中，经常到工地瞻祝，为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时，他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳)，从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后，唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出，才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思，光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期，一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫，多数随葬品被劫走。 地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后，这是他们的棺椁，其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。 。。。。。。。。 清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山，景态雄伟。 这里有华北地区最大的古松林，数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁，古朴大方。 这陵墓前还有个壁照，也是用来辟邪的吗？ 为了增强排水性能，每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水，明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。 妃子墓，妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。 这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。 这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号，一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏，另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃（1876年－1900年），他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子，也是最为受宠的妃子，后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏（1804－？）则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃（1876年—1900年）他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人，人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃，也是最为受宠的妃子，生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟，副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后，同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔，时瑾嫔15岁，珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年，两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰，其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎，其伯父长善乃广州将军，珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年，长善卸任广州将军，她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年，珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中，13岁的她被封为珍嫔，15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔，嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等，直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年)，因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃，前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初，八国联军集结兵力进攻北京，慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前，命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出，推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时，珍妃年仅25岁。 瑾妃的墓光绪十四年（1888年），在光绪帝的选后大典上，瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选，成为光绪皇帝的妃子，并在隔年元月行大婚礼，之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后，瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫，妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般，获得光绪帝之宠幸，相反的，她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落，但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后，两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年（1894年），珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后，姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人，但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号，但珍妃却受到了监禁，而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年（1900年）七月，八国联军攻入京师，慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城，瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后，瑾妃继续住在永和宫，并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后，上徽号为端康皇太妃，她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏，溥仪称他为皇阿娘，每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年，隆裕太后崩逝，瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高，她在四大太妃中年龄最轻，思想也较开通。民国十一年，在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时，瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活，时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中，有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物，同时她也是一位美食家，经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐，由于瑾妃喜爱美食，因此永和宫里的小膳房，烹饪相当地出色，逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年（1924年），在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后，瑾妃受了风寒一病不起，五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫，享年五十一岁，并以端康皇贵妃的身分，下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵，还有做骑马旅游生意的，只是这么点路程，并没什么人骑马，这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵，居于陵区的中心位置，是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。 泰陵的神道，由三层巨砖铺成，两边苍松翠柏，上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]
岛国-二三区在线观看
蒙孟涵今年完成了我一个很大的愿望，登顶了马纳斯鲁，但也留下一个小小的遗憾，本计划登完山后去徒步EBC，尼泊尔最有名的徒步线路之一，但10月份却因为登山周期太长，不得不结束就赶紧回京。。。而我是一个开始计划就无法停止的人，难怪朋友喜欢说俺变态，兔子承认就是，人生不有些小小变态，那该多无趣~~~对于我这个近两年都在雪山丛中行走的人来说，看雪山真的没有什么吸引力，此次之行必须有其他的名目，才能让我在回到北京才一个半月后又重返尼泊尔~~那就是我的无敌兔兔~~~自从马纳斯鲁回来后，我对摄影开始着迷，突然发现登山除了埋头苦走外，一定不要忘了用眼用心去搜寻和享受途中的一风一景，把这种感受带回来珍藏，且与大家共享。这才是登山的最高最美境界~~当然，是在你力所能及的范围内。这次的行程安排很简单，很休闲，我的摄影装备就成了主角，一个无敌兔+一个1635镜头，外加朋友专门为我带来的28300镜头。。真的是重磅出击（光28300就有4斤重），不知道我这个新手能拍出满意的片片没，不管结果怎样，我都很享受这次徒步~~除了学会单反的基本使用，更主要是为以后登山适应了背相机，真希望下次我能用广角拍下登顶时的照片~~这次尼泊尔之行最完美的是，我带回来了两个8000米山峰的夏尔巴攀登纪实，一个是安纳普尔纳，一个是干城章嘉，都是难度极高的雪山，摄主是今年刚完成的14座雪山：明玛。。在发到安纳普尔纳日出那会儿，我会把从马纳斯鲁拍到的安纳普尔纳，和这次拍到的，及视频里攀登截屏全部放一起比较，让大家从全方位了解安纳普尔纳这个世界高难度的8000米雪山，为什么她如此大的魅力~~~~~~~~~！！ 徒步基本线路：D1. 11月30号，飞机到达昆明，与山友聚会。D2，12月1日，早9点50飞机，尼泊尔时间10点到达加德满都，午餐后返回机场2点小飞机直接飞往博卡拉，半个小时，机票98美金一人。住博卡拉D3，12月2日，早8点15，坐车到NAYAPUL，一个半小时到达，10点开始徒步，4点到达GHANDRUK，海拔1900，入住安纳普尔纳hotel，间200尼币D4， 12月3日，8点出发，1点半到达CHOMRONG，海拔2170米D5， 12月4日，8点出发，1点到达BAMBOO午餐，3点到达目的地DOBAN，2580米D6， 12月5日，8点出发，2点半到MBC大本营，拍照。D7， 12月6日，4点半出发，前往ABC大本营，拍照，返回到MBC，下撤到BAMBOO，住下D8， 12月7日，8点出发，下撤到~~~（啊，我忘了是哪个地名了，找了再说吧）。D9， 12月8日，下撤到NAYAPUL，直接坐车回到博卡拉。D10， 12月9日， 博卡拉玩一天D11， 12月10日，博卡拉坐大巴到加都，入住加都。徒步结束啦~~~从机场出发，谢谢胖胖相送~~熊哥说咱这是去走秀，嘿嘿，真不想每天都是一身徒步装，灰突突的，偶尔得瑟得瑟也是性情中人嘛~~昆明，我的山友们，从左往右：飞鹰，阿汤哥（胖子），白天，婷婷，张京川，漆伟左边四位（包括我）相识在6000米的雀儿山~~~然后是我，婷婷，漆伟属于我们的7000宁金抗沙~~~最近的是我，婷婷，张京川我们三个的8000米马纳斯鲁，~~~我们都有缘相识相伴在雪山，以后还会继续我们的雪山梦~~~胖子阿汤哥说： 抱着两位8000米的美女，感觉就是不一样啊。。。祝贺明年的7000顺利。在博卡拉，入住的花园式客栈，好漂亮哦。。。博卡拉很多这样的客栈的，下次还会来博卡拉好好玩几天，这儿比加都值得多逗留几日。飞机上的航拍，像一群可爱城堡里的居民们在欢迎我们的到来~~在博卡拉客栈里试拍，这是咱第一次带无敌兔兔出国拍风景，一定要好好学习！！在博卡拉街头闲逛，乱拍~~~他们的建筑总是让我很喜欢。。。在这个时候，我看到他们的校车。。。我没办法不愤青~~~尽管尼泊尔很贫穷，可，他们的孩子很幸福，很安全！！！从博卡拉去往NAYAPUL的路上，从车内抓拍的鱼尾峰，一路上，我们都跟着他，似乎就是为他而来的，安纳普尔纳反而成了配角第一次向导问我是否看出来山顶盘踞的虎，我看了好久也没看出来，后来看出来后，每次一看鱼尾峰，就只看到一只虎。。。呵呵再将回程时拍到的鱼尾峰一同发出来比较下，差距真的挺大的~~~为什么摄友们总喜欢多次跑一个地方，就为了不同时期的风景途中又是小美女，呵呵。。。和上次马纳斯鲁的美女有的一拼呢。开始徒步。。好熟悉的景儿啊，和马纳斯鲁徒步途中的感觉差不多 这儿，原来真的是世外桃源~~~背包是Lafuma，它是十一郎收藏的一款背包，因我只有28升冲顶包和60升的大包，我说我能60升背包加上拉杆箱出来吗？。。。哈哈，狼哥怕咱丢人真拉拉杆箱出来，将悉心收藏的此款背包借与我，应该市场上很难找到吧~~~~北京已经是寒冷的冬天，而这儿却是秋风拂过稻花香~~~途中遇到这个小孩，很欢快的跟在我们身后，唱着歌，我回身相机对着他的时候，他就会背手，立正，站定很拘谨的看着我，步子也不敢迈了~~跟随我们到了一个休息的客栈，我们再喝茶，他远远那么看着我们，复杂的表情不知道什么内容经过一片梯田，不知道地里种的是什么，喜欢这种安静祥和的感觉~~~是麦子呢？还是稻花捏？哈哈~~这样的台阶被无数人行走，踩踏，也见证了无数行者各方姿态，笑容，和身影~~我们，也曾来过~休息时，也不能关掉手里的相机，我要练习，我要升级，我要~~~变成拍照达人！！！2号一早8点15坐车到NAYAPUL，用时1个半小时，10点开始徒步。晚4点到达住宿地GHANDRUK，1900米，入住宾馆安纳普尔纳，间200尼币一间。。。今天历时6小时，很慢。天气不错，很热，穿短袖，速干即可。（可惜我以为会较冷，只带了一件长袖速干，没的换了）。。。一天多数是石板台阶，很简单，注意看指示不会迷路。途中买一次饮料150尼币一瓶，较贵。一路上都有手机信号，可以打电话，发微博，只是发不了照片。。。。入住客栈时天气阴了，对面的山一点都看不到，拍到门口草坪上几个小孩在踢球玩这张是我用手机拍到的门前小花，很喜欢~~3号，徒步第二天，早8点出发，只1点半就到了目的地Chomrong，2170米，（看介绍说要7个小时，夸张了点吧，我们走的实在很慢）路上除了刚出来的石板台阶路，就是一个大下降和上升，天气有些阴，没怎么拍照，所以走的比较快点，说快其实相比较昨天而已。。。很长时间在喝茶看书听歌，拍照。。。晚上入住鱼尾峰客栈。晚餐披萨，见到不少韩国中年女人，还有几个澳大利亚的，人还不少呢。。要是再旺季，估计地方不好找。泡在漂亮的客栈，好好享受这段时光吧，在这个时刻，任何纠结，不开心都只是浮云~~都市里忙碌的奔波，地铁里的人头攒动，马路上车笛乱鸣，拥堵的车流~~~那些对这儿的人们来说，根本就是天方夜谭~~~这俩老外就是穿着红色冲锋衣坐桌子边的那俩。。。性格很奇特，怪异，也很友好沿途这样的客栈很多，都很亮丽，在这儿徒步真的是一种享受，也是它们总让我停下来拍半天~~他们很爱生活，就像这些花儿一样~~喜欢一路被鲜花簇拥着的感觉，它们很香的哦~~经过这个空旷简陋的排球场地，想象着孩子们开心的场景，其实很多东西都是表面的，来自心底的感觉和心情有时候不需要那些华丽的装饰~~~就像徒步，远离喧哗，绚烂，浮躁。。。享受最真实的自己。简单，幸福！~我喜欢登山和徒步，她让我更加懂得生活，懂得爱生活~~今天天气有些阴暗，走的兴趣索然，正觉得有些疲累的时候，看到这个客栈，云里雾里，就和童话世界一般，我们像打了鸡血般，停下来狂吸了了一阵带水蒸气的空气~~~尽管今天不是大晴天，但一路上的风景别有一番滋味，尤其当你在一片迷雾当中，看到透过云层写下来的一道蓝光，那种兴奋，鸡冻。。。是别的店里买不到的~~~我已等待千年，城门为何还不开~~~([]
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黄秋萍[ ]9、16晚六点半青岛准时出发北京徒步长城，这是几年来第一次如此准时出行，感谢童鞋们。在天津和黄骅之间，大雨瓢泼而至，再加北屿短信告之北京大雨，心骤然又不安起来，虽说之前看密云晴天，但现在对天气预报着实不敢抱太大希望，只能想没雨就好。一路雨中行至北京，五环接上娜娜。行至密云，路边一点雨的迹象也没有，大喜。17早七点半从古北口上山，沿长城蜿蜒行走。且行且拍，队伍慢慢一点点拉开，据说走在前面的是小报记者，走在后面的是摄影师一路慢慢走来，在金山岭长城内沐浴阳光梦回明朝等落日也是很开心的一件事、、、、、、、18日清早三点半起床四点农家出发，四点十分进检票处，一路急行军四点半到达后川口上到敌楼上，开始夜爬长城。司马台景区于2010年六月因景区修整关闭，而我们要去的望京楼就在司马台景区内，大家不远千里来到长城上，望京楼也是一个必须要去的地方之一，集体决定后要夜爬长城就为了避开景区保安，及至到了司马台景区内因长城内地面以修复，逐开始了跑城。一路小跑过了铁索桥，经东坡村八点十分上到望京楼和仙女楼。中午十二点离开密云，天津晚饭顺便逛了意式风情街并观看天津夜景。于零晨四点抵青，至此结束长城徒步开心而快乐的旅程。以流水帐记录全程，后续期待油国佳文有片片的童鞋全程砸过来，分享开心快乐之旅第一张是从古北口到金山岭的线路图，全程17公里用时10小时，其中行走才用了五小时多点，其余时间不是在拍照就是在休息，很惬意呢。因第二天的数据丢失没有详细的记录，只能用景区线路图来做个大概说明，走涵龙沟经丫髻山寨、花楼、东五眼楼、麒麟壁、文字长城、过温泉水库经东坡村直达望京楼，大约也有十公里左右。 野长城游记去穿越古北口、金山岭、司马台三段长城是很早之前就定下来的，为此兴奋了好久，耳畔一直回响着张明敏的《我的中国心》这首歌：“长江、长城，黄山、黄河，在我心中重千斤，无论何时，无论何地，心中一样亲。留在心里的血，澎湃着中华的声音...... ”一直盼着这一天的到来。之前出去玩，心情总是非常的愉悦，而这次长城之行心里却觉着沉甸甸的，可能是长城在我心里过于神圣，就像是朝拜一样吧。作为中年人，在面对这些历史古迹的时候，感触与年轻人会有所不同，可能会更深一些的。车在漆黑的高速公路上飞驰，我的思绪早已飞到了长城之巅。夜很深了，车厢里早已没有了年轻人的嬉闹声，进入河北境内，下起了雨，且越下越紧，进入耳畔的只有雨声和发动机的低鸣，秋雨打在车窗上，就像打在我的心头，一丝寒意袭来，不禁打了个寒战。这是怎么了？我渴望了解历史，我离着历史越来越近。长城，我来了。登上长城，残缺破败的残墙断壁映入眼帘，心中不免平添了一丝苍凉之感，但它雄伟依然，尽显残缺之美，抑制不住激动的我频频按下快门，始终冲在队伍的最前头。以前我来过长城，但那是修复过的慕田峪长城，心里涌现的只有感叹和自豪，而这次站在未修复的明长城上，头一次与古代遗迹有了一种心灵的碰撞，我能读懂你吗？我觉得长城与圆明园不一样，虽然都是历史遗迹，虽然都已破败，但长城体现的是古老中国的强大和不可战胜，而圆明园则寓意着中国的耻辱。一个从强大到衰败的中国历史就这么浮现出来。我不是搞历史的，我只是历史长河中的一个过客。我也是一个爱国者，我为我的祖先感到骄傲。今天来到这，除了震撼，我只能用我的思维去了解它，解读它；用我的双脚去丈量它，接触它；用我的心灵去抚摸它，亲吻它。 长城从嘉峪关而来，向山海关而去，绵延近万里； 长城从历史而来，向未来而去，历经几千年； 长城从儿时父母的故事而来，也必将在我们的子孙中传唱下去，世世代代，永不停息。 在古代，长城用它坚强挺拔的身躯抵挡外来列强的入侵；在现在，长城用它苍老破败但依旧雄伟的容貌迎接中外慕名而来的游客；到未来，长城必将成为中华民族的象征，中华儿女的中华魂。而此时的长城则像一位老者，静静地安卧在那里，向人们讲述着中华民族的兴衰荣辱，讲述着它所目睹的历史故事，讲述着它曾经的辉煌，从没停止过...... QD胡司令古长城有感 2011、9、20 古北口二十四眼楼 感谢8264感谢欧格翠 偶也来凑个热闹吧这是第二次走长城了，去年的九一八清晨五点半我和花花还有绿海坐在北京西站边的肯德基看着窗外未明的天及飘忽而至的大雨，商议着还要不要去箭扣，最后决定先去逛京城再去箭扣。也就是那次有幸在箭扣长城上看到了云海，看到残破而峻美挺拔的古长城（https//bbs.8264.com/thread-513143-1-1.html）心生感慨：明年现来一次。没成想因中秋节的原因日期延后的结果是和去年箭扣仅相差一天，呵呵，偶声明，真不是故意的。闲话少叙，图归正传，因这次活动有不少都是提前预留出本次活动时间，故而回来后都很忙，片片都没时间发，偶先发几张，小卡片成相效果差，勉强看吧。敬业的摄影师，据说假牙也露出来，唉，我真不是故意把嫩拍成这样滴我起誓：绝不破坏长城的一草一木，做到除了脚印什么也不带走 我们的队伍向着长城的方向前进，在这里你可以放飞心情，踏着脚下的明砖一步一个历史的向前走、、、、、偶来几张险滴，其实顺长城再往前走一个敌楼的位置，有个可以上长城的地方，当时不知顺城墙爬上来的，还好有惊无险每个人都安全上来了 那天出其的好，天很蓝，白云大朵大朵的漂浮在空中静止不动，如同块块棉花糖通过箭口望去，长城如同一条巨龙静静的卧在那里，诉说着几百年的沧桑 来几朵棉花糖 这就是金山岭长城中的障墙以下片片全部由胡司令所拍，版权归司令所有在这个收获的季节，一地金灿灿的玉米，成为成王爷穿越前掠夺的粮食在阳光下 在曲折蜿蜒、错综纵横的千山万水间， 那一座一座的列城，屏障和烽堠使你长城内外的子子孙孙 统一成了 一个在世界上独一无二的伟大民族！ 秦皇无策建长城，刘氏仍穷北路兵。若遇单于旧牙帐，却应伤叹汉公卿。 无名小花静静绽放在长城角下，同日月星辰见证长城风雨天津意式风情街头上的工艺品，让我们这群刚从时空穿越而的人有一丝的不适应([]
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黄盈如青春一词，充满了活力、洋溢、动感，却又短暂而即逝。选择如何度过自己美好青春，似乎走出去才变得真实，变得触手可及。我想用我有限的青春抒写一段心灵的烙痕，让自己冥冥之中不再内心的孤单，也让自己觉得我不是路过人间！行走于高山，行走于草原，让我感觉我拥有了-我的无悔青春。说起狼塔的听闻，那是14年的10月在南太行的返程火车上驴友的闲侃得知狼塔的威名，当时想多么霸气十足的名字呀！同时也让我沉淀在了心间，回家经过在8264论坛了解，原来他久负盛名，对他是一种敬畏，又是一种景仰，似乎他存在一种不凡的魅力，驱使我走进去看看，打开自己的眼帘，亲身目睹他的容颜。经过几位驴友近10个月的精心研究与论证，终于决定了最终的形式方式，AA结伴。装备的购置调整，队伍体能的磨练，技术帖子的专研，也似乎成了我们近几个月的主要课程，头脑里似乎除了狼塔容不下其它了。几次碰头会的交流好多事情也在不断的变化着，从队员的退出到新人的加入，从3人组，变为2人组，从思维的波动到思想的肯定，一切充满了变数，这是一段难熬的阶段，也是期盼的过程，最终敲定了全部为男驴的8人本地队伍及8月4日进山时间。而剩下的一个月那就是体能拉链、队伍装备磨合了，是得是失是艰辛是快乐，一切归于自然。记录是一种回忆，当我老了是一种寻觅的味道，记录是一种说明，当我老了是一种茶余的调料，记录是一种祈盼，当我老了是一种回归的不老。本帖将详细的记录狼塔前后的故事，从技术装备到线路行程，为驴友提供一个可能你未知的狼塔生活。因为我更觉的走狼塔实质就是更真实的活着。本人全程采用iPhone 4S，800万像素进行拍摄2400+照片，20+段视频，质量本人还是认为不错的，也将陆续为坛友承上，至于未带单反以后道来。我记录着，我行走着，我思索着，心里莫名的感觉对于我来说—无户外不青春。 根据以往我发贴的习惯，我还是分几个章节篇章+视频，为大家阐述。 今天编辑帖子的时间正好是狼塔行程后一个月整，是驴友就都能体会登顶的喜悦，那我就按顺序先上传狼塔C+V九座达坂的登顶照片吧，也让我拉开记忆的篇章。一、白杨沟达坂（3862M）二、库勒阿特腾达坂（3555M）三、蒙特开增冰达坂（3960M） 四、喀拉尕依特达坂（3770M）五、乌兰达坂（3380M）六、夏热达坂（3150M） 七、乌拉布图达坂（4008M)八、天格尔达坂（3760M）九、乔楞格尔达坂（2500M) 当然也不能忘记让人心旷神怡的——绿湖（3500M）一、风雪中绿湖二、清晨的绿湖三、正午的绿湖 还有那让众多驴友即惧畏而又刺激的台河 一、拉链篇说起此次狼塔之行前，拉链体能磨合装备和队伍，真的必不可少，良好的体能，默契的队内气氛和互助精神都是从平时的拉链接触获得的，还有你新购置的装备也是需要你来驾驭的，我们知道其中的那一项出问，都可能会使全队进程出现危机，其实我更觉得把自己武装好，不成为队伍的负担，能为全队做出力所能及的事，变成我的初衷！而这需要多少汗水呢！加油！ 多次演练，也是我们顺利度过台河的关键！野外拉链的闲余各种腐败是沟通情感的方式，又是衡量进狼塔所带食品多少的准。我们在不断的论证着...似乎在劳累汗水欢快中时间过的很快，最后一次拉链，也是订风险责任的时刻，也预示着我们即将出发了...再看看丰满东山家乡的360度美景，再看看汗水流淌的地方，我们择日再见。 二、装备篇我对户外各功能装备可算是研究了好长的时间，可以说是一种喜欢一种兴趣爱好，为此我个人的原则是尽自己最大的经济能力买好的产品宁缺毋滥。买一个就能真正的用到它，并且完全的利用好。我不是土豪但绝不对付自己，自此也花费了大量金钱和精力来满足，也算是为自己为全队尽了自己的责任吧！为什么这么说，因为你的装备好坏与否直接影响你的状态、行进、舒适、心里等等，那我就为大家着重的说下自己走狼塔的主要装备，为大家提供一些在技术装备上的疑问，谈谈自己对我所购装备的感受和理解，以便大家参考。1、一个好的背包注定是你成功的重要因素之一，在这里我没有吝啬，只想走的更舒服。所以我选择了始祖鸟Arcteryx Altra 75 LT Pack2015版户外登山双肩背包，价格3000+包含原版防雨罩L码，本人176M 背长53厘米，购买的RT码，完全驾驭。合理的R2背负重力转移系统，宽大的腰部包覆感，梨形的内部空间，让我全程无外挂，所带食品、装备共计55斤全部囊括其中，美中不足肩带过窄。不过可以承受，记得毕竟腰部力量是重要的保障。 2、一双好的登山鞋，对于驴友自不必多说，我的14新款SCARPA kailash GTX Boot大奖防水登山鞋，罗马尼亚产地。它伴我走过长白山6天重装，南太行6天半自助，狼塔C+V重装12天210公里的日日夜夜这足以证明它的耐用性，说些不足初期一年防水鞋可靠，后期防水型有所下降，脚尖外侧缝线由于长时间在乱石碎石中行走较易磨碎开线，V底波纹做工扎实耐磨，硬伤别再湿滑的石头、倒木上行走，极易摔跤。1000+的价格经济实惠。注意脚肥的人要买宽版的。 3、欧产LEKI Khumbu Aergon SpeedLock 外锁双快锁 登山杖500+一对。强调的是外锁铝制，可能在600克的重量上有所短板，但其可靠性值得推荐。毕竟户外、狼塔是多地形复杂的长距离穿越路线，没有信得过的品牌仗，一但出现问，你只能望山、望水兴叹了，因为你更需要的是过河，爬山，走乱石时的身体稳定与辅助，切记不能贪图便宜。当然了走狼塔仗尖儿的保护还是必须的。4、2013款 MSR Hubba Hubba 2 Person Tent 胡巴2 双人帐篷原装地布，三季帐，2000+的价格，对于你移动的家来说，是必须要投入的，她为你在穿行的路上，不仅仅提供了温暖，可能她的存在就像你在外工作一天回了家的感觉，她为你挡风遮雨，她为你提供了心灵的慰藉，所以我们更应该重视我们的移动家园。4斤的份量是个硬伤，而却宽敞明亮，足够你丢进去所有的东西...5、黑冰14新款G700 超轻鹅绒羽绒睡袋，也是狼塔最低限度的温睡袋了0度——零下10度。因为是8月进山，全程内穿薄抓绒一套睡觉舒适，本人感觉毫无压力，但是也不适合所有人，如果怕冷的人还是建议1000克以上的把握。888的价格国货也算过得去了。 6、Therm-a-Rest Z-Lite Foam蛋槽巢防潮垫，三季垫，方便实用利于收纳，全程背部无晾感，300左右的价格。也算经济实惠了。450克的重量值得推荐。 7、雪峰 Snow Peak600ML超轻单层钛杯，210元，实际称重85克，利用率很高，我在营地的使用范围，600ML的容量足以让我烧水，焖饭，煮牛奶麦片，熬汤了，当然是个人份了。缺点官方无杯盖。 8、Sea to Summit户外旅行超轻充气枕头，舒适，轻便，易收纳，防水，高低可根据吹入气体调整。195元。缺点价格偏高。 9、sea to summit户外折叠收纳超轻洗刷水盆便携野外储水盆10L。价格190元。储水方便，也是泡脚利器。净重49克。缺点利用率较低，进了狼塔我只用了一次而已。 10、PETZL 扁带环 ST'ANNEAU 120cm c07 新款，轻便，价格高。利用率低，但过台河必不可少。115元 11、Petzl Attache 3D Screw-Lock M38 Carabiner主锁，55克，利用率低，130元。过台河必须有。 12、LP782四弹簧升级版登山护膝一对240元，它的功能不必多说，你有再好的膝盖，也经不住狼塔极具下降的折磨，为了能继续走下去，强烈推荐双护膝。同时提醒大家护膝还是贴皮肤点是最正确的。也才能最大的起到保护膝盖的作用！ 13、瑞典 正品SILVA 席尔瓦Metro Compass户外运动登山防摔指北指南针。75元的价格防水，防跌，小巧便于携带，精准，如果你对方向没有实足的把握，或无GPS，请你带上它。14、原装进口维氏瑞士军dao典范0.6223折叠水果刀58mm迷你小 dao，75元，小巧好携带，刀锋较快，很不错的。带牙，镊子。 15、15新款西班牙BUFF户外防蚊虫防晒魔术头巾108602纬度，价格199元，可以保证你头部，颈部热量。至于其它好多戴法及用法。16、sea to summit专业户外超薄防水收纳袋4L—2L，强度高，韧性大，很轻便。小东西都可以放在其中，极好的保证了易湿，怕水的装备。缺点价格高4L-60元。2L-40元 17、sea to summit户外专用配饰型小快挂钥匙扣套装3件套多功能挂扣，太小巧轻盈了，做工很好，一路上挂一些随行小装备还是有必要准备的。价格15元。([]
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